Walden and Transcendentalism Free Essays

Henry Thoreau’s masterpiece, Walden or a Life in the Woods, shows the impact transcendentalism had on Thoreau’s worldview. Transcendentalism is a philosophy that asserts the primacy of the spiritual over the material. Transcendentalism puts the emphasis on spiritual growth and understanding as opposed to worldly pleasures. We will write a custom essay sample on Walden and Transcendentalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thoreau’s idea of transcendentalism stressed the importance of nature and being close to nature. He believed that nature was a metaphor for spiritual enlightenment. A walk in the woods therefore was a search for spiritual enlightenment. One should look ‘through’ nature, not merely ‘at’ her. In Walden, Thoreau’s idea of transcendentalism is broken into three areas. The first is the importance of the spiritual world as opposed to material wants. He accentuates this idea by explaining how the physical world only exists so that souls can experience life to the fullest. Thoreau speaks a great deal about physical property in the first chapter, entitled â€Å"Economy†. He keeps a detailed record of the economic cost of his venture into the woods and explains to his readers his pity for the people who have numerous material possessions. Thoreau states, â€Å"When I have met an immigrant tottering under a bundle which contained his all†¦I have pitied him, not because that was his all, but because he had all that to carry. †[1] The second transcendentalism theme is the idea of individuality- the idea that an individual is unique and should act according to his personality and ideals. Individuality is a basic idea of the transcendentalists and they firmly believed that one should search for ‘self-discovery’. Thoreau observed, â€Å"Every man is the builder of a temple, called his body, to the god he worships, after a style purely his own, nor can he get off by hammering marble instead. †[2] He emphasized the â€Å"style† as an individual style, one that was distinctive to each person. He even told his readers in Walden that he went into the woods to search for knowledge and truth. Self-discovery and individuality were also attributed to any other characters in Walden that were mentioned. Thoreau takes great pains to describe each character, even down to the farmer’s â€Å"wrinkled, sibyl-like, cone-headed†[3] infant in chapter 10, â€Å"Baker Farm†. He makes sure his readers understand the unique attributes of each individual in his experiences. As Thoreau once said, â€Å"It is what a man thinks of himself that really determines his fate. † The final prominent transcendentalism theme expressed in Walden is the importance of experiences. Transcendentalists believed personal experience is how one learned. Literally, people learned everything the hard way. Thoreau demonstrated this clearly in the experiment of living in the woods for two years. He explains in Walden that he wanted to experience living simply for an extended period of time. Notice that Thoreau did not speculate, draw conclusions, or even ask someone who had tried it. The only way, in his mind, that he was going to learn about living simply was to undergo it personally. In speaking about life in the chapter, â€Å"Where I lived and What I Lived For†, Thoreau said,â€Å"†¦if [life] proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. †[4] He emphasized living and feeling everything to be able to understand life and its meaning. Walden is often viewed as simply a proponent of environmental care and nature. However, it persuades the reader to do much more than take care of nature. In fact, nature is not even the most prominent ideal in Thoreau’s writings. The thesis of Walden is clearly stated in the first few pages of the book. Thoreau writes, â€Å"With respect to luxuries and comforts, the wisest have ever lived a more simple and meager life than the poor†¦None can be an impartial or wise observer of human life but from the vantage ground of what we should call voluntary poverty. [5] The entirety of the â€Å"Economy† chapter is devoted to material possessions and Thoreau’s idea that the physical pleasures exist only to help the soul endure. Very little time is spent on the goodness of nature. When it is mentioned, it is shown, as was stated above, that nature serves as a sort of looking glass to spiritual ideals. Because this book was quoted often by radical groups in 1960-70, W alden became a sign of disobedience and rebellion to the conservative community. However, there are a few ideas of which Christians can approve. The first is non-materialism. Thoreau quotes Matthew 6:19 saying, â€Å"By a seeming fate, commonly called necessity, they are employed, as it says in an old book, laying up treasures which moth and rust will corrupt and thieves break through and steal. It is a fool’s life, as they will find when they get to the end of it, if not before. †[6] He takes great pains throughout the entire book to make sure his readers understand that material possessions should not be the only thing in which people place all of their happiness. The second idea Christians can applaud is the idea of individuality. As was mentioned above, Thoreau kept the Transcendentalist idea of a person’s individual worth in his writings. Because of this belief, he was one of the most outspoken human rights activists in his lifetime. He wrote A Plea for Captain John Brown supporting John Brown’s efforts to end slavery. Thoreau said, â€Å"I do not believe in erecting statues to those who still live in our hearts, whose bones have not yet crumbled in the earth around us, but I would rather see the statue of Captain Brown in the Massachusetts State-House yard, than that of any other man whom I know. I rejoice that I live in this age, that I am his contemporary. [7] His belief in the basic human rights of every man stemmed from his support of individuality and the unique worth of every person on this planet. Even though there are a few ideas that Christians can applaud in Walden, there is one of which they should be wary. This idea is the idea that rebellion and disobedience towards government is acceptable if one believes the government is wrong. Ralph Waldo Emerson, in his eulogy for Thoreau, articulated this idea, saying that Thoreau opposed the government. Thoreau disrespected government officials by refusing to obey tax laws and paid for it by spending a brief time in jail. However, many people, instead of realizing the negative influence Thoreau was creating, idealized him for his ‘patriotic’ stance. Thoreau says in Walden, â€Å"One afternoon, near the end of the first summer†¦I was seized and put into jail, because, as I have elsewhere related I did not pay a tax to, or recognize the authority of, the state which buys and sells men, women, and children, like cattle at the door of its senate-house. †[8] He did not recognize the authority of the government because of the slavery in the country. Even though slavery is immoral, Romans 13:1 clearly states, â€Å"Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been instituted by God. †[9] The Bible articulates that Christians must be subject to those whom God has placed into authority. Thoreau discourages this idea and instead institutes an attitude of rebellion. Christians should be cautious of this attitude and worldview. Very few instances occur in which Christians should rebel against authority. The only instance where they should rebel is under a government which demands that its citizens disobey God’s orders. Walden was written many years ago and yet, society can still learn from the author’s words. Whether the ideas are detrimental or helpful, everyone can agree that Thoreau was a strong Transcendentalist with a distinct mindset. This mindset affects everyone who reads his works. Emerson once articulated that Thoreau inspired many around him through his idealistic thinking. Thoreau has inspired, and will continue to inspire, numerous people through his book, Walden or a Life in the Woods. ———————– [1] Henry David Thoreau, Walden ; and Civil Disobedience (New York: Barnes and Nobles Classics, 2003), 56. 2] Henry David Thoreau, Walden ; and Civil Disobedience (New York: Barnes and Nobles Classics, 2003), 175. [3] Henry David Thoreau, Walden ; and Civil Disobedience (New York: Barnes and Nobles Classics, 2003), 161 [4] Henry David Thoreau, Walden ; and Civil Disobedience (New York: Barnes and Nobles Classics, 2003), 74 (brackets added) [5] Henry David Thoreau, Walden ; and Civil Disobedience (New York: Barnes and Nobles Class ics, 2003), 16 [6] Henry David Thoreau, Walden ; and Civil Disobedience (New York: Barnes and Nobles Classics, 2003), 9 [7] â€Å"Thoreau–On John Brown,† Virginia Commonwealth University, http://www. cu. edu/engweb/transcendentalism/authors/thoreau/johnbrown. html (accessed September 15, 2010). [8] Henry David Thoreau, Walden ; and Civil Disobedience (New York: Barnes and Nobles Classics, 2003), 137 [9] â€Å"Passage: Romans 13:1 (ESV Bible Online),† Good News / Crossway Home – Christian Books, Gospel Tracts, and the English Standard Version (ESV) Bible, http://www. gnpcb. org/esv/search/? q=Romans 13:1 (accessed September 15, 2010). How to cite Walden and Transcendentalism, Papers

Developing Corporate Strategic Framework

Question: Discuss about the Developing Corporate Strategic Framework. Answer: Introduction Corporate social responsibility refers to practices initiated to be responsible to the surrounding that an organization operates in. It involves being responsible to the environment and wellbeing of the society. Sustainability refers to best practices adopted by an organization to ensure that its operations or products does not cause harm to consumers or environment (Jab?o?ski, 2016). Corporate social responsibility and sustainability policies enable organizations conduct their businesses ethically and with good harmony to the environment and human beings (Jones et al, 2009). Recently, they have been used by companies strategically to meet organizational objectives (Sapovadia, n.d.). This report will assess Mc Donalds approach to corporate social responsibility and sustainability in Australia. This will involve assessing policies formulated and being practiced in the organization to ensure business is carried out ethically across the supply chain and their contribution to a healthy society. The report will also assess the approach of the company in managing cultures and diversity of employees. The report will therefore end by concluding ideas I wish to implement in my managerial career in future. Context of the Company Mc Donalds opened its first restaurant in Australia in 1971. The company is owned by it parent company Mc Donalds in USA. Since 1971, the company has open more than 900 restaurants in Australia. The company employs 90000 workers that form 7% of the Australian workforce. The company serves more than one million customers around Australia per day. The Company is also estimated to account for 0.2% of the Australian GDP (Mcdonalds.com.au, 2017). The company is involved in cooking and selling of fast food in their resultants around the country. They depend on relation to receive and operate franchises restaurants. Therefore the company formulates policies to ensure that subsidiaries and franchise operating under Mc Donalds brand name operate to meet the companys objectives and standards. Corporate Social Responsibility of MC Donalds Mc Donalds has an active role in the society. The company has a heritage of supporting community in improving their well being. It has a commitment to charities and funds rise to respond to emerging problems in the society. The company has society commitment to Ronald Mc Donald charities. This charity is dedicated to children undergoing difficult situation. The company organizes a Mc happy Day every year to solicit funds to contribute in the charity. It dedicates 2 dollars for every sell of Big Mac. Apart from charities, the company is involved in other supporting activities. These activities enable the society lead an active lifestyle, motivate learning and take care of the environment. Supporting activities that enable people lead an active lifestyle is meant to improve the health of the society (Wellard et al, 2012). The company focuses encouraging children to participate in sporting activities by providing an opportunity. An opportunity to play enables children practice active lifestyles that have health benefits. By sponsoring sports, the company contributes to the society having healthy individuals (Szczuka, 2015). Mc Donalds supports Little Athletics, Basketball Victoria, Swimming Queensland and South Australian National Football league. These sports are junior development programs around Australia to facilitate children lead an active lifestyle. The second activity supported by MC Donalds is developing skills and motivating young generation to learn. This activity involv es collaborating with learning institutions to develop skills. The company is committed to programs that facilitate development of skills and talents. These programs include Virtual Business Club, Sydney Eisteddfod and Quality Puppet Program. These activities span from primary schools to technical schools. These programs stimulate learning and develop skills to the community. The other corporate social responsibility is care for environment. The company contribution to the environment is part of the company strategy. The company supports in solving environmental issues to ensure the surrounding is provided support to restore to good condition (Tilt, 2016). The Company sponsors Clean-Up Australia program that is meant to clean the dirty streets in Australia. The company also supports Earth Hour initiative by World Wildlife Fund that aims at lowering the effects of global warming. These corporate social responsibility policies of the company enable the company relate responsibility with it external environment for well being of the community. Sustainability policies of Mc Donalds Mc Donalds being a fast food outlet is faced by urge to sustain several stakeholders. These stakeholders include children, animals and customers. The company has sustainability policies that ensure operations are carried responsibly for the well being of the parties involved. The company is involved in the following policies for sustainability; First, is keeping food safe. This policy ensures that the company is providing safest food to its customers. This is met by ensuring that the stringent food safety procedures are met. These procedures are placed in all stages to ensure the company has HACCP approach. Priority to safe food ensures that food does not harm the health of their customers (Wellard et al, 2012). Second sustainability policy is menu choice. The company has a commitment to helping customers choose healthier meals. The company incorporates new practices from research institutions to offer it customer with healthy food (Brown, L., 2010). The company works with Dieticians to ensure ingredients used in preparations of the meals in the company have nutritional value that is desirable. For instance, the company recently reduced sugar content and sodium by 5% and 20% respectively (Mcdonalds.com.au, 2017). Thirdly, the Company has a policy of responsible marketing to kids. The company recognize the fact that it a favorite outlet for children. This responsibility involves advertisements that do not entice children to consume too much citing the inability of kids to control their consumption habits. The policy is met to only advertise healthier food. Spicy and sugary foods are not to be advertised to kids below 14 years. Another sustainability policy for Mc Donald is animal welfare. The company has a working relation with suppliers to ensure that animals supplied for meat have humane treatment. The company ensures the suppliers production units are checked regularly to ensure standards are met. An auditor is deployed to check production plants. Lastly, the company has a policy of availing nutritional information to customers. This policy is meant to enable customers make informed decisions about their consumptions (Trong, 2012). The policy requires labeling of food by percentages for easy understanding of the contents. Form this assessment, Mc Donald strives to formulate sustainable policies to ensure operations is carried out with dignity and standards are met for the common good of all stakeholders. Managing Culture and Diversity of Employment in MC Donalds Mc Donald Australia has for many years branded itself as employer of opportunities. The company employs around 90000people in Australia. This number accounts for 7% of the Austrlaina workforce. These individuals are drawn from different backgrounds and join the company to work for the same objectives. The company manages culture and diversity in the following way; First, the company ensures a fair workplace for all employees. The company gives equal opportunities to promotion and their dignity is maintained. It also creates a workplace enviromnet that is free from discrimination. Second, the company ensures that there is inclusion of diversity. The company is takes inclusive approach when recruiting employees. The company recognizes differences and values individual contributions to the organization. The organization incorporates positive procedures to enhance employees are satisfied and feel they have equal opportunities for growth (Mcdonalds.com.au, 2017). Third, the company gives preference to training and developing skills among indigenous Australians. This is done through provision of employement opportunities and trainning Lastly, the company is committed to promotion by merits. The company offers equal opportunities to all employees in every stage. Employees are give promotions on merits. From this assessment, Mc Donald has a good structure put in place for managing culture and diversity in the organization. This ensures job satisfaction in the organization amongst employees increasing productivity and compliance. Conclusion From the assessment, it can be concluded that Mc Donald approach to corporate social responsibility and sustainability has standardized policies that ensure the company practices and engages with activities that enhance well being of the environment and the community. The company also has a good management practices for culture and diversity enhancing job satisfaction and positive contributions from all employees. From the report, I have spotted three ideas that I will adopt in future as a manager; Participating in community based projects that are related to the welfare of my companys stakeholders. Formulating policies that ensure operations and product/services in the organization are of high standards and are able to benefict customers as intented while protecting the weak parties. Adopting professionalism in managing culture and diversity by ensuring promotion is done on merits, fair workplace and equal opportunities for all employees to enhance job sartisfaction. References Brown, L., (2010). Ethical Supply Chains The New Black, . MHD Supply Chain Solutions,, vol. 40. No. 3.(May-June pp. 72-75.). Jab?o?ski, A. (2016). Scalability of Sustainable Business Models in Hybrid Organizations. Sustainability, 8(3), p.194. Johnston, A. (n.d.). Constructing Sustainability Through CSR: A Critical Appraisal of ISO 26000. SSRN Electronic Journal. Jones, B., Bowd, R. and Tench, R. (2009). Corporate irresponsibility and corporate social responsibility: competing realities. Social Responsibility Journal, 5(3), pp.300-310. Mcdonalds.com.au. (2017). Our Story | About Macca's | McDonald's AU. [online] Available at: https://mcdonalds.com.au/about-maccas/maccas-story [Accessed 21 Jan. 2017]. Mcdonalds.com.au. (2017). Quality Sustainability | About Macca's | McDonald's AU. [online] Available at: https://mcdonalds.com.au/about-maccas/quality-and-sustainability [Accessed 21 Jan. 2017]. Sapovadia, V. (n.d.). Developing Corporate Strategic Framework to Enhance Sustainability Through CSR. SSRN Electronic Journal. Szczuka, M. (2015). Social Dimension of Sustainability in CSR Standards. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, pp.4800-4807. Tilt, C. (2016). Corporate social responsibility research: the importance of context. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 1(1). Trong Tuan, L. (2012). Corporate social responsibility, ethics, and corporate governance. Social Responsibility Journal, 8(4), pp.547-560. Wellard, L., Glasson, C. and Chapman, K. (2012). Fries or a fruit bag? Investigating the nutritional composition of fast food childrens meals. Appetite, 58(1), pp.105-110

Summary Entrepreneuring as Emancipation Essay Example

Summary Entrepreneuring as Emancipation Essay There exist four main approaches about what entrepreneurs distinguishes from managers: (1) creation of new organizations, (2) high-growth, high- wealth-creating businesses, (3) innovations and creation Of new products and arrests, and (4) recognition and pursuit of profitable opportunities. The underlying assumption is that wealth creation is a fundamental goal of entrepreneurial efforts. Jim Corona: he provides anecdotal evidence that individuals often engage in entrepreneurial for motives other than wealth. Corona was a senior vice president at a large long-distance telephone provider and he stated that decisions came too slow, he had too little control of the work environment, and all corporate decisions were dominated by their impact on next quarters earnings. His CEO asked him to lay off employees in Corpsmans hometown in order to boost the quarterly earnings, however he refused and left the company. He then created his own company to provide jobs for sixty of his laid-off neighbors. This start-up motivation is the intent of the Special Topic Forum (SST) and this article. The given definition of entrepreneurial is consistent with prior research in terms of the creation of newness. The objective of this article is to extend and complement this research. Two goals in this article: (1 ) broaden the focus of entrepreneurship research by drawing attention to the emancipators aspects of entrepreneurial and (2) introducing the papers contained in the SST and elate them to the emancipators perspective. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary Entrepreneuring as Emancipation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Summary Entrepreneuring as Emancipation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Summary Entrepreneuring as Emancipation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Entrepreneurial Business et al suggested an overarching framework that characterizes entrepreneurship in three nouns: (1) entrepreneurs, (2) new ventures, and (3) opportunities. This focus has been valuable, however it also limits the research attention given to the actions and processes that constitute the domain Of entrepreneurship. TO promote attention to research that investigates the doing the call for SST papers is framed in terms of entrepreneurial, following Wick his idea that verbs draw attention to actions and processes geared toward change creation. Additionally, using entrepreneurial encourage researches to study a broader set of actions intended not only to create new wealth but also to bring about new states in relevant economic, social, institutional, and cultural environments. To direct more research to the study of entrepreneurial activities as generators of change, a perspective is developed on why and how entrepreneurial can be viewed as an emancipators process. Emancipators refers to the act of setting free from the power of another. Viewing entrepreneurial projects as emancipators efforts focuses on understanding he factors that cause individuals to seek to disrupt the status quo and change their position in the social order in which they are embedded. The need to develop this perspective arises as the motivation for entrepreneurial is a desire for freedom and independence from conventional structures of authority and income generation. Entrepreneurship research needs to give closer consideration to entrepreneurs dreams for autonomy and change and the processes through which these dreams may be accomplished. Emancipators entrepreneurial When entrepreneurial is viewed through an emancipators lens, there exist here core elements: (1) seeking autonomy, (2) authoring, and (3) making declarations (TABLE 1). Entrepreneurial efforts may involve breaking free from authority and breaking up perceived constraints. These constraints can be of an intellectual, psychological, economic, social, institutional or cultural nature. With regard to taking actions, authoring and making declarations locate an entrepreneurial project in the domains of organization resource exchanges and managing stakeholder interpretations. Seeking autonomy Autonomy is a goal of emancipation which is defined as breaking free from he authority of another. The hope for autonomy is one of the main drivers of efforts to become self-employed. Breaking free suggests the desire to make ones own way in the world, breaking up draws attention to the striving to imagine and create a better world. Analyzing the seeking autonomy aspects of entrepreneurial opens up the following directions in entrepreneurship research: The breaking up aspect of emancipation resonates with the Centenarians view of entrepreneurship as creative destruction. However, the emancipators view goes beyond the Centenarians view by attending to tooth the breaking free and the breaking up. Example: how do entrepreneurial efforts may be affected by different conceptualizations of autonomy? Escaping the default individualist assumptions derived from the disciplines of psychology and economics that have informed it, and theorizing and researching both deeply individualist and social aspects. It involves the breaking up of constraints. The emancipators perspective sees creative destruction as one of its goals (instead of the mean). Entrepreneurial individuals and groups often solve technological and other problems because hey are internally motivated to change their worlds. The emancipators perspective suggests that understanding the constraints that entrepreneurial individuals seek to overcome may give us better insights into the process through which entrepreneurs create (first change, then opportunities). The emancipators perspective suggests that entrepreneurship research should more closely consider the social change agendas inherent in many entrepreneurial projects in order to understand their emancipators potential. It would suggest that a distinction is not only unnecessary but potentially not laid, since many entrepreneurs seek to improve their economic positions through the impact of broader social change. Authoring As emancipators means breaking free and autonomy, taking ownership of oneself, of one acts, and of becoming a trader. The entrepreneur must necessarily attend to the variety of relationships, structures, norms, and rules within which an entrepreneurial project is undertaken. Existing research tends to emphasize how gaining support from structures of power and authority ensures the success of acts of breaking free. Individuals who seek redeem and independence, often find that they become controlled by the arrangements they make to gain legitimacy and access to resources. Viewed from an emancipators perspective, entrepreneurial involves authoring defining relationships, arrangements, and rules of engagement that preserve and potentially enhance the change potential of a given entrepreneurial project. Authoring does not refer to an outright rejection of all established norms and forms of authority but designing arrangements. The emancipators perspective emphasizes the need to consider the possibilities for resource obligation through authoring as a process for protecting the emancipators potential of new ventures. A key direction for entrepreneurship research suggested by the concept of authoring is to examine the conditions and processes through which entrepreneurs can effect such trading of places. Authoring generally about attending to the variety of relationships, structures, norms, and rules within which the entrepreneurial project is undertaken. Entrepreneurship research can make important contributions by directing greater research attention to the creative authoring of relationships and rules wrought which entrepreneurs can Pleasure their dreams and create change. Making declarations Making of declarations: unambiguous discursive and rhetorical acts regarding the actors intentions to create change. The idea of making declarations points to the need to position the project in the webs of meaning within which stakeholders interpret the value of products and activities. Existing research recognizes the importance of activities that influence established patterns of meaning for the success of new ventures. It has analyzed how symbolic and cultural resources, and symbolic actions are deployed to influence the interpretations of stakeholders. An emancipators perspective suggests that rather than disguising the difference associated with entrepreneurial activities and masking the potential contradictions through legitimating activities, entrepreneurial may involve explicitly exposing contradictions in an effort to generate stakeholder support for the intended change in the status quo. The idea of making declarations suggests several new directions: Making declarations raises consequential questions of intuit should be said and how? (signaling and disclosure), who gets to Say and who am I to say? voice), and who out there cares? (audiences). Enables researchers to consider more systematically the inevitability of concentrations arising once declarations are made. The need to systematically examine the use of cultural and symbolic resources for effecting change, rather than acquiring legitimacy. An emancipators perspective suggests the need to attend to the institutional work that accompanies entrepreneurial activities and the constitution of new institutions around new products, projects and activities. The SST articles (4) A limitation of the existing research is that it almost exclusively examines entrepreneurship within formal economies, however, a huge amount of commerce takes place within the informal economy (that segment of economic activity that is illegal within a society but is viewed as legitimate by sizable groups within the society).

Stolen Party cause and effect essays

Stolen Party cause and effect essays The Stolen Party cause and effect In Liliana Hekers essay, The Stolen Party, Rosaura was invited to her rich best friend Lucianas birthday party. Although Rosauras mother worked as a maid for Lucianas family, she never thought of herself as a poor maids daughter. Instead, she truly believed that Luciana was her best friend. When her mother warned her about her lower social status, she ignored her warning and attended the party. At the party, she enjoyed helping out with some little tasks. In the end, the innocent Rosaura was shocked when she discovered that her mother was right all along. Rich people can never treat poor people as their friends, only as their inferior. Rosaura used to go to Lucianas house and they would both finished their homework while Rosauras mother did the cleaning. The two girls would have their tea in the kitchen and shared secrets with each other. Rosaura saw Luciana as her best friends, and she never thought about the problem of being friends with rich people. When Rosauras mother tried to prevent her from being hurt by pointing out the impossibility of a real relationship between poor and rich, Rosaura was deeply offended. She said, I am going because Ive been invited. And Ive been invited because Luciana is my friend. So there. She thought her mother was too conservative. Eventually, her mother helped her get ready on the morning of the party, and helped her look pretty. During the party, Lucianas mother, Senora Ines, was very friendly to Rosaura and asked her to serve the party in a very nice and indirect way. Out of all the guests, she only allowed Rosaura into the kitchen. Her excuse was, You yes, but not the others, theyre much too boisterous.... You knew the house so much better than the others. At the same time, the conversation between Rosaura and Luciana&...

Multilateral treaties vs. customary international law Essay

Multilateral treaties vs. customary international law - Essay Example In my reviewing the literary sources, when getting prepared for the analysis on the subject, I have come to the conclusion that the twentieth century itself has displayed enormous progress in the international law, and though treaties at present seem to take the leading place in the instruments and sources of the international law, it finally appears that both custom and treaty are effective, they interrelate, and moreover, treaties appear to be the means of creating new customs in international law. It is yet under question, which of the two sources of the international law is more effective at present, and is it possible that the multilateral treaty becomes more important and reliable for the world community, than the legal custom, according to which this community is accustomed to live Through the literary sources reviewed, I may assume, that customary and treaty law can't act separately, and are more the means of mutual support, depending on the situation; I may also suggest that both custom and multilateral treaties appear to be the effective vehicles of regulating the international relations in the sphere if law and legislation. Though, in the light of the close interrelation between the custom and the treaty it is at times difficult to decide, which of them appears to work more effectively. Thus, the deep analysis of the present situation is to be performed as follows. Treaties or custom - what is a more effective vehicle of regulating international law First of all, it should be noted, that sometimes we point out the universal international consensus on certain issues, as the use of forces between the States or the areas of criminal justice. Can it be stated, that these are the examples of the custom-working international legal system I might accept that these are the examples of the Customary International Law application, shown through the conduct, which the nations display independently from the treaty-based agreements and keep to this conduct as if based on the law or some oral treaty.1 However, it is also important to note, that 'Customary international law is a conceptual structure, which is represented as an assumed or constructed consensus under which those States, that dissent from a precise obligation that may be defined nevertheless agree to be bound because of the supposed collectively representative nature of the decision'.2 Does this mean that custom has broader action in relation to the participating and non-partici pating parties, and can we thus conclude that ultimately the custom carries greater force than any multilateral treaty It should be remembered, that international law, which as a system appeared a few centuries ago, and has later become general international law, was initially based on the custom, and not on the treaty. The notions of treaty law have become applicable only later with the processes of globalization and the need to solve these global issues by imposing certain obligatory norms on the States - participants of the treaty-making process. Multilateral treaties thus have become the effective instrument of guaranteeing the fulfillment of the obligations by all participating States. Simultaneously, it should not be forgotten, that multilateral treaties are the means of creating norms for only those States, which become the participants of t

Greek Parthenon and Bolshoi Theater in Moscow Essay

Greek Parthenon and Bolshoi Theater in Moscow - Essay Example This essay stresses that many historians have their own view and believe that the Athens accomplished a peace agreement with Persia in 449; two years prior to work began on the Parthenon. This brought significance on the continued existence of Athenian Empire and become the mutual defense against the Persians that ceased authentication. The Greek used the league funds to built the Parthenon and read as an expression of the poise of the Athenians in the newly naked imperialism. Elgin obtained permission to add some decoration to the temple with Marbles. The Parthenon Marbles acquired by Elgin comprise some 17 numbers from the statuary and the east and west pediments. They vary in numbers decorating the horizontal course that is set above the interior architrave of the temple. As the paper declares the Bolshoi theatre is a historic theatre built in Moscow, designed by Joseph Bove that holds the performances of ballet and opera. Originally, its name was Imperial Bolshoi Theatre but later reconstructed and called the Bolshoi theatre, and it held its performances at home, but it obtained the Petrovka Theatre on December 30, 1780 when I started producing plays and operas until it established its due name the Bolshoi theatre. During the construction, the French invasions destroyed the theatre in fire. That now marked a new art building the current theatre on theatre square between 1821 and 1824. Later on, foreign composers entered the inventory around 1840 to join the Russian presentations. The Parthenon is a Doric temple consisting of a rectangular floor plan and series of low steps on every side. It also has a measured colonnade of Doric columns extending around the edge of the whole structure. It is outsized to lodge the oversized statue of Athena, confining the facade and rear porch to a smaller than the usual size (Mary 33). The Doric column remains supported by two-storied arrangement. The width and length structure of the Parthenon allowed for a dramatic background of double-decked columns despite that Doric temples only appear on flanks. The following diagram shows the structure plan of the Parthenon. Retrieved from: Http://academic.reed.edu/humanities/110tech/parthenon.html, on May 08 2013. The back room protected the Athena’s treasure and for columns of the ionic supported its roof. These elements of the Ionic order in the Doric temple became dramatic in the expansion of an incessant frieze on the exterior partition of the cella. Meanwhile, the incorporation of Doric and Ionic elements on the same sanctuary was not a novel order of development in Greek architecture. Parthenon bestows this development as a delicate balance between austere and fragile visual distinctiveness. Viewers only view the interior of the temple from outside through the doors according to the designers. The design

Texas state legislature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Texas state legislature - Essay Example The legislature is charged with a responsibility to formulate and implement policies on issues that affect the Texas population. Crucial issues are addressed by the legislature on behalf of the people. In so doing, the legislature is responsible for ensuring that all parties bound to the policies being introduced are aware of what the policies entails and its effects on the current Texas State. Public participation in the policy implementation and enforcement is crucial in making the right educational impacts of this legislature. Policies enforced Texas should be in line with the limiting powers of other states in observing Texas, thus an application of typical checks and balances. This is an important component of the state. Bills and laws are made and passed for the benefit of the entire population. These bills and laws are tailored towards achieving social, economic and political growth and development. In order the goals and objectives of these bills and laws to be realized, the public must be well aware of what is constituted in each and every bill put forward, as well each and every law that the legislature seeks to uphold (Forman 461). In this regard, laws can be implemented and the constitution amended as provided for in the power and authority of the state, prior to that of the entire US government. Checks and balances provides for an analytical observation of the public welfare in the context of the way the legislature discharges its duty and mandate to the